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Oracle® Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals
10g Release 1 (10.1)
Part Number B10795-01
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Index

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z 

Symbols

%ROWTYPE attribute, 7-7
used in stored functions, 7-8
%TYPE attribute, 7-7

Numerics

3GL, definition, 1-4
4GL, definition, 1-3

A

Active Data Object, translating to PSP, 13-20
Active Server Pages, translating to PSP, 13-20
AFTER SUSPEND event, handling suspended storage allocation, 5-39
AFTER triggers
auditing and, 9-33, 9-35
correlation names and, 9-17
specifying, 9-6
agent, definition, 11-4
ALL_ERRORS view, debugging stored procedures, 7-35
ALL_SOURCE view, 7-35
ALTER SESSION statement, SERIALIZABLE clause, 5-23
ALTER TABLE statement
defining integrity constraints, 3-18
DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS clause, 9-29
DISABLE CONSTRAINT clause, 3-22
DROP CONSTRAINT clause, 3-25
ENABLE ALL TRIGGERS clause, 9-29
ENABLE CONSTRAINT clause, 3-21
ALTER TABLE statement (continued)
INITRANS parameter, 5-23
RETENTION option, for flashback, 15-5
ALTER TRIGGER statement
DISABLE clause, 9-29
ENABLE clause, 9-29
anonymous PL/SQL blocks
about, 7-2
compared to triggers, 7-20
ANSI SQL92
FIPS flagger, 5-2
AnyData datatype, 2-44
AnyDataSet datatype, 2-44
AnyType datatype, 2-44
applications
calling stored procedures and packages, 7-45
unhandled exceptions in, 7-38
attributes
%rowtype, PL/SQL, 1-5
%type, PL/SQL, 1-5
auditing, triggers and, 9-32
autonomous routine, 5-29
autonomous scope, definition, 5-29
autonomous transactions, 5-28 to 5-36
AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION pragma, 5-29

B

BEFORE triggers
complex security authorizations, 9-45
correlation names and, 9-17
derived column values, 9-46
specifying, 9-6
BFILE datatype, 2-7, 2-34
binary data, RAW and LONG RAW, 2-35
Binary Large Object, 2-34
BINARY_DOUBLE datatype, 2-5, 2-11
BINARY_FLOAT datatype, 2-5, 2-11
binding, bulk, definition, 7-17
blank-padded comparison, 2-10
BLOB datatype, 2-7, 2-34
body of package, definition, 7-13
Boolean expressions, 2-43
bulk binding, definition, 7-17
bulk binds, 7-17
DML statements, 7-18
FOR loops, 7-19
SELECT statements, 7-19
usage, 7-18
BY REF phrase, 8-32
BYTE qualifier for column lengths, 2-9

C

call specifications, 8-4 to 8-53
callbacks, 8-47 to 8-49
canceling a cursor, 5-10
CATPROC.SQL script, 10-2
CC datetime format element, 2-27
century, 2-25
date format masks, 2-21
CGI variables, 13-19
CHAR datatype, 2-4
CHAR qualifier for column lengths, 2-9
character data, 2-8
Character Large Object, 2-34
CHARSETFORM property, 8-28
CHARSETID property, 8-28
CHARTOROWID function, 2-41
CHECK constraint, triggers and, 9-38, 9-43
check constraints, how to use, 3-15
client, definition, 11-4
client events, 10-8
CLOB datatype, 2-5, 2-34
column type attribute, PL/SQL, 1-5
columns
accessing in triggers, 9-17
default values, 3-5, 7-51
generating derived values with triggers, 9-46
columns (continued)
listing in an UPDATE trigger, 9-6, 9-20
multiple foreign key constraints, 3-11
number of CHECK constraints limit, 3-17
specifying length in bytes or characters, 2-9
COMMIT statement, 5-5
comparison operators
blank-padded and non-padded data, 2-10
dates, 2-21
compile-time errors, 7-33
compiling PL/SQL procedures to native code, 7-21
composite keys
foreign, 3-8
restricting nulls in, 3-17
concurrency, 5-19
conditional expressions, in WHERE clause, 2-32
conditional predicates, trigger bodies, 9-15, 9-19
connection pooling, 1-23
consistency, read-only transactions, 5-7
constraining tables, 9-22
constraints, , S
context switches, reducing with bulk binds, 7-17
converting data, 2-40
ANSI datatypes, 2-39
assignments, 2-41
expression evaluation, 2-43
SQL/DS and DB2 datatypes, 2-40
year and century considerations, 2-26
cookies, 13-19
correlation names, 9-14 to 9-19
NEW, 9-17
OLD, 9-17
REFERENCING option and, 9-19
when preceded by a colon, 9-17
CREATE INDEX statement, 4-7
CREATE PACKAGE BODY statement, 7-15
CREATE PACKAGE statement, 7-15
CREATE TABLE statement
defining integrity constraints, 3-18
INITRANS parameter in, 5-23
CREATE TRIGGER statement, 9-2
REFERENCING option, 9-19
cursor and cursor variable, definitions, 5-8
cursors, 5-8
canceling, 5-10
cursors, 5-8 (continued)
closing, 5-10
declaring and opening cursor variables, 7-31
maximum number of, 5-9
pointers to, 7-30
private SQL areas and, 5-8
custom OWA, definition, 13-6

D

DAD, definition, 13-4
data blocks, shown in ROWIDs, 2-37
data conversion, , S
data dictionary
compile-time errors, 7-35
integrity constraints in, 3-28
procedure source code, 7-35
data object number, extended ROWID, 2-36, 2-37
data recovery using flashback features, 15-3
Database Access Descriptor, 13-4
datafiles, shown in ROWIDs, 2-37
datatypes, 2-2
ANSI/ISO, 2-39
BFILE, 2-7
BINARY_DOUBLE, 2-5, 2-11
BINARY_FLOAT, 2-5, 2-11
BLOB, 2-7
CHAR, 2-4, 2-8
column length, 2-9
character, 2-8
CLOB, 2-5
column lengths for character types, 2-9
conversion, 2-40
DATE, 2-6, 2-25
DB2, 2-39
INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND, 2-6
INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH, 2-6
LONG, 2-5, 2-8
LONG RAW, 2-8
MDSYS.SDO_GEOMETRY, 2-33
native floating point, 2-11
native floating-point, IEEE 754 exceptions not raised, 2-15
NCHAR, 2-4, 2-8
NCLOB, 2-5
datatypes, 2-2 (continued)
NUMBER, 2-5, 2-11
numeric, 2-11
NVARCHAR2, 2-4, 2-8
RAW, 2-7
ROWID, 2-8, 2-36
SQL/DS, 2-39
TIMESTAMP, 2-6
TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE, 2-7
TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE, 2-7
UROWID, 2-8
VARCHAR, , S
VARCHAR2, 2-4, 2-8
column length, 2-9
date and time data, representing, 2-20
date arithmetic, 2-43
functions for, 2-22
DATE datatype, 2-6, 2-20
centuries, 2-25
data conversion, 2-41
DB2 datatypes, 2-39
DBA_ERRORS view, debugging stored procedures, 7-35
DBA_SOURCE view, 7-35
DBMS_FLASHBACK package, 15-7
DBMS_LOCK package, 5-17
DBMS_RESUMABLE package, handling suspended storage allocation, 5-39
DBMS_SQL package
advantages of, 6-16
client-side programs, 6-16
DESCRIBE, 6-16
differences with native dynamic SQL, 6-11
See also dynamic SQL
DBMS_STATS package and Flashback Query, 15-15
DBMS_TYPES package, 2-44
DBMS_XMLGEN package, 2-47
DBMS_XMLQUERY package, 2-47
DBMS_XMLSAVE package, 2-47
DDL statements, package state and, 7-16
DEBUG_EXTPROC package, 8-51
debugging
stored procedures, 7-40
triggers, 9-28
dedicated external procedure agents, 8-6
default parameters in stored functions, 7-53
definer's-rights procedure, 7-46
DELETE statement
column values and triggers, 9-17
data consistency, 5-10
triggers for referential integrity, 9-40, 9-41
denormal floating-point numbers, 2-13
dependencies
among PL/SQL library objects, 7-21
in stored triggers, 9-27
schema objects, trigger management, 9-22
timestamp model, 7-22
DESC function, 4-9
deterministic function, definition, 7-56
DETERMINISTIC keyword, 7-56
dictionary_obj_owner event attribute, 10-3
dictionary_obj_owner_list event attribute, 10-3
dictionary_obj_type event attribute, 10-3
disabled integrity constraint, definition, 3-19
disabled trigger, definition, 9-28
disabling
integrity constraints, 3-20
triggers, 9-28, 9-29
distributed databases
referential integrity and, 3-15
remote stored procedures, 7-47, 7-48
triggers and, 9-22
distributed queries
flashback features, 15-16
handling errors, 7-38
distributed transaction processing architecture, 16-2
distributed update, definition, 7-49
DML_LOCKS parameter, 5-11
double datatype, native in C and C++, 2-19
DROP INDEX statement, 4-6
DROP TRIGGER statement, 9-28
dropping
indexes, 4-6
integrity constraints, 3-25
packages, 7-11
procedures, 7-11
triggers, 9-28
dynamic SQL
application development languages, 6-20
invoker's rights, 6-7
invoking PL/SQL blocks, 6-6
optimization, 6-5
queries, 6-4
scenario, 6-7
usage, 6-3
See also
DBMS_SQL package
native dynamic SQL
dynamic Web pages, 13-19
dynamically typed data, representing, 2-44

E

e-mail, sending from PL/SQL, 13-15
embedded SQL, 7-2
enabled integrity constraint, definition, 3-19
enabled trigger, definition, 9-28
enabling
integrity constraints, 3-20
triggers, 9-28
errors
application errors raised by Oracle Database packages, 7-36
remote procedures, 7-38
user-defined, 7-35, 7-37
event attribute functions, 10-2
event notification, 10-1, 11-5
event publication, 9-50 to 9-52, 10-1
triggering, 9-50
events
attribute, 10-2
client, 10-8
resource manager, 10-7
system, 10-1
tracking, 9-49, 10-1
exception handlers, in PL/SQL, 7-2
exception to a constraint, 3-20
exceptions
anonymous blocks, 7-3
during trigger execution, 9-20
effects on applications, 7-38
remote procedures, 7-38
exceptions (continued)
unhandled, 7-38
exclusive locks, LOCK TABLE statement, 5-15
explicit locks, 5-10
expression filtering, 2-32
expressions, conditional in WHERE clause, 2-32
extended ROWID format, 2-36
external LOB, definition, 2-34
external procedure, 8-3
DBA tasks required, 8-6
DEBUG_EXTPROC package, 8-51
debugging, 8-50
definition, 8-3
maximum number of parameters, 8-53
specifying datatypes, 8-19
extproc process, 8-6, 8-37

F

features, new, i-xxxvii
FIPS flagger, interactive SQL statements and, 5-2
firing of triggers, 9-1
FIXED_DATE initialization parameter, 2-21
flashback features, 15-2
performance, 15-15
flashback privileges, 15-4
Flashback Query, 15-5
DBMS_STATS package, 15-15
Flashback Transaction Query, 15-12
Flashback Version Query, 15-10
FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION_QUERY view, 15-12
float datatype, native in C and C++, 2-19
floating-point numbers, 2-11
FOR EACH ROW clause, 9-13
FORALL statement, using, 7-17
foreign key constraints
defining, 3-27
enabling, 3-20, 3-26
NOT NULL constraint and, 3-10
one-to-many relationship, 3-10
one-to-n relationships, 3-10
UNIQUE key constraint and, 3-11
format mask, definition, 2-28
format masks, TO_DATE function, 2-21
fourth-generation computing language, definition, 1-3
full-text search, using Oracle9i Text, 2-34
functions, , S

G

geographic coordinate data, representing, 2-33
global entity, definition, 7-15
global OWA, definition, 13-6
grantee event attribute, 10-3

H

HEXTORAW function, 2-41
hiding PL/SQL code, 7-20
hostname, 13-16
HTML
displaying within PSP files, 13-22
retrieving from PL/SQL, 13-16
HTP and HTF packages, 13-19
HTTP URLs, 13-16

I

IBM datatypes, 2-39
IEEE 754 standard for floating-point numbers, 2-12
image maps, 13-19
IN OUT parameter mode, 7-6
IN parameter mode, 7-6
indexes
creating, 4-6
dropping, 4-6
function-based, 4-8
guidelines, 4-3
order of columns, 4-4
privileges, 4-6
SQL*Loader and, 4-3
temporary segments and, 4-3
when to create, 4-2
INDICATOR property, 8-27
-INF and +INF, 2-14
infinity values, 2-14
initialization parameters
DML_LOCKS, 5-11
initialization parameters (continued)
OPEN_CURSORS, 5-9
REMOTE_DEPENDENCIES_MODE, 7-28
INITRANS parameter, 5-23
INSERT statement
column values and triggers, 9-17
read consistency, 5-10
instance_num event attribute, 10-3
INSTEAD OF triggers, 9-8
on nested table view columns, 9-18
integrity constraints
CHECK, 3-15
composite UNIQUE keys, 3-7
defining, 3-17
disabling, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22
dropping, 3-25
enabling, 3-19
examples, 3-2
exceptions to, 3-23
listing definitions of, 3-28
naming, 3-19
NOT NULL, 3-3
performance considerations, 3-3
PRIMARY KEY, 3-5
privileges required for creating, 3-19
renaming, 3-24
triggers vs., 9-2, 9-37
UNIQUE, 3-6
violations, 3-20
when to use, 3-2
interactive block execution, 7-44
INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND datatype, 2-6, 2-20
INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH datatype, 2-6, 2-20
invoker's-rights procedure, 7-46
is_alter_column event attribute, 10-3
ISOLATION LEVEL
changing, 5-23
SERIALIZABLE, 5-23

J

Java
calling methods through call specifications, 8-4
compared to PL/SQL, 1-41
Java (continued)
generating wrapper classes with JPublisher, 1-16
JDBC, overview, 1-9
loading into the database, 8-5
SQLJ, overview, 1-13
Java Server Pages, translating to PSP, 13-20
Javascript, translating to PSP, 13-20
JDBC, , S
JScript, translating to PSP, 13-20

K

keys
foreign, 3-26
unique, composite, 3-7

L

large data, representing with LOBs, 2-34
Large Objects (LOBs), 2-34
libraries, 1-41
library units, remote dependencies, 7-21
loadjava utility, 1-16
loadpsp command, 13-29
LOB datatypes, 1-38, 2-34
external, definition, 2-34
support in OO4O, 1-37
use in triggers, 9-18
LOCK TABLE statement, 5-11
locks
explicit, 5-10
LOCK TABLE statement, 5-11, 5-12
privileges for manual acquirement, 5-15
user, 5-17
UTLLOCKT.SQL script, 5-19
LONG datatype, 2-5, 2-8
use in triggers, 9-22
LONG RAW datatype, 2-8, 2-35
LOWER function, 4-9

M

mail, sending from PL/SQL, 13-15
main transaction, definition, 5-29
manual locks, 5-10
LOCK TABLE statement, 5-11
mask, format, definition, 2-28
match full rule for NULL values, 3-10
match partial rule for NULL values, 3-10
MDSYS.SDO_GEOMETRY datatype, 2-33
memory, scalability, 7-63
migration, ROWID format, 2-38
mod_plsql, definition, 13-3
modes, parameter, 7-6
mutating table, definition, 9-22
mutating tables, trigger restrictions, 9-22

N

NaN (not a number value), 2-14
National Character Set Large Object, 2-34
native dynamic SQL
advantages of, 6-11
differences with DBMS_SQL package, 6-11
fetching into records, 6-15
performance, 6-14
user-defined types, 6-15
See also dynamic SQL
native execution, of PL/SQL procedures, 7-21
native float and native double datatypes in C and C++, 2-19
native floating-point datatypes, 2-11
arithmetic, rounding behavior, 2-16
IEEE 754 exceptions not raised, 2-15
infinity values, 2-14
NCHAR datatype, 2-4, 2-8
NCLOB datatype, 2-5, 2-34
negative infinity value, 2-14
negative zero value, 2-14
NEW correlation name, 9-17
new features, i-xxxvii
NLS_DATE_FORMAT parameter, 2-21
NLSSORT order, and indexes, 4-9
non-padded comparison, 2-10
normalization of floating-point numbers, 2-13
not a number (NaN) value, 2-14
NOT NULL constraint
CHECK constraint and, 3-17
data integrity, 3-20
NOT NULL constraint (continued)
when to use, 3-3
notification, event, 10-1, 11-5
NOWAIT option, 5-12
NUMBER datatype, 2-5, 2-11, 2-19
numeric datatypes, 2-11
NVARCHAR2 datatype, 2-4, 2-8

O

OAS, 13-19
object columns, indexes on, 4-9
object support in OO4O, 1-37
OCCI, overview, 1-25
OCI, 7-2
applications, 7-4
cancelling cursors, 5-10
closing cursors, 5-10
overview, 1-25
parts of, 1-27
vs precompilers, 1-40
OLD correlation name, 9-17
one-to-many relationship, with foreign keys, 3-10
one-to-one relationship, with foreign keys, 3-11
OO4O, , S
open string for XA, 16-9
OPEN_CURSORS parameter, 5-9
OR REPLACE clause, for creating packages, 7-15
ora_dictionary_obj_owner event attribute, 10-3
ora_dictionary_obj_owner_list event attribute, 10-3
ora_dictionary_obj_type event attribute, 10-3
ora_grantee event attribute, 10-3
ora_instance_num event attribute, 10-3
ora_is_alter_column event attribute, 10-3
ora_is_creating_nested_table event attribute, 10-4
ora_is_drop_column event attribute, 10-4
ora_is_servererror event attribute, 10-4
ora_login_user event attribute, 10-4
ora_privileges event attribute, 10-4
ora_revokee event attribute, 10-4
ORA_ROWSCN pseudocolumn, 15-9
ora_server_error event attribute, 10-4
ora_sysevent event attribute, 10-4
ora_with_grant_option event attribute, 10-7
ORA-21301 error, fixing, 16-12, 16-14
OraAQ object, 1-36
OraAQAgent object, 1-37
OraAQMsg object, 1-37
OraBFILE object, 1-38
OraBLOB object, 1-38
Oracle Application Server (OAS), 13-19
Oracle Call Interface, , S
Oracle Data Control (ODC), 1-39
Oracle Data Provider for .NET, overview, 1-29
Oracle Database 10g, new application development features, i-xxxvii
Oracle Database errors, 7-3
Oracle JDBC
definition, 1-9
example, 1-12
OCI driver, 1-10
Oracle Database extensions, 1-11
server driver, 1-11
stored procedures, 1-19
thin driver, 1-10
Oracle JDeveloper, definition, 1-15
Oracle JPublisher, definition, 1-17
Oracle Objects for OLE
automation server, 1-31
C++ Class Library, 1-39
LOB and object support, 1-37
object model, 1-32
overview, 1-30
Oracle SQLJ
advantages over JDBC, 1-15
definition, 1-13
design, 1-15
in the server, 1-16
stored programs, 1-16
OraCLOB object, 1-38
OraDatabase object, 1-34
OraDynaset object, 1-34
OraField object, 1-35
OraMDAttribute object, 1-35
OraMetaData object, 1-35
OraParamArray object, 1-36
OraParameter object, 1-35
OraServer object, 1-33
OraSession object, 1-33
OraSQLStmt object, 1-36
OUT parameter mode, 7-6
overloading
packaged functions, 7-63
procedures and functions, definition, 7-12
using RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 7-63
OWA function invocation types, 13-6
OWA* packages, 13-19

P

package, definition, 7-12
package body, 7-12
package OWA, definition, 13-6
package specification, 7-12
packages, 1-41
creating, 7-15
DBMS_OUTPUT, example of use, 7-3
DEBUG_EXTPROC, 8-51
dropping, 7-11
in PL/SQL, 7-12
naming of, 7-16
Oracle Database, 7-17
privileges for execution, 7-45
privileges required to create, 7-16
privileges required to create procedures in, 7-10
serially reusable packages, 7-63
session state and, 7-16
synonyms, 7-49
where documented, 7-17
parallel server, distributed locks, 5-10
PARALLEL_ENABLE keyword, 7-56
parameters
default values, 7-9
with stored functions, 7-53
modes, 7-6
parse tree, 9-26
pcode, when generated for triggers, 9-26
performance
index column order, 4-4
native dynamic SQL, 6-14
permanent and temporary LOB instances, 2-34
platform-specific Oracle Database documentation, PL/SQL wrapper, 7-20
PL/SQL, 7-2
anonymous blocks, 7-2
PL/SQL, 7-2 (continued)
calling remote stored procedures, 7-48
compared to Java, 1-41
cursor variables, 7-30
dependencies among library units, 7-21
exception handlers, 7-2
functions
arguments, 7-53
overloading, 7-63
parameter default values, 7-53
purity level, 7-62
RESTRICT_REFERENCES pragma, 7-59
using, 7-50
hiding source code, 7-20
invoking with dynamic SQL, 6-6
objects, 1-6
overview, 1-3
packages, 7-12
program units, 7-2
RAISE statement, 7-36
sample code, 1-4
serially reusable packages, 7-63
server pages, 13-19 to 13-30
tables, 7-8
of records, 7-8
trigger bodies, 9-15, 9-17
user-defined errors, 7-36
Web toolkit, 13-19
wrapper to hide code, 7-20
PL/SQL Gateway, definition, 13-3
PL/SQL Web Toolkit, definition, 13-3
PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS initialization parameter, 7-21
positive infinity value, 2-14
positive zero value, 2-14
posting, message, definition, 11-5
pragma, 5-37
RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 7-59
SERIALLY_REUSABLE pragma, 7-63, 7-64
precompilers, 7-45
applications, 7-4
calling stored procedures and packages, 7-45
vs OCI, 1-40
PRIMARY KEY constraints
choosing a primary key, 3-5
PRIMARY KEY constraints (continued)
disabling, 3-21
enabling, 3-20
multiple columns in, 3-6
UNIQUE key constraint vs., 3-6
private SQL areas, cursors and, 5-8
privileges
creating integrity constraints, 3-19
creating triggers, 9-26
dropping triggers, 9-28
flashback, 15-4
index creation, 4-6
manually acquiring locks, 5-15
recompiling triggers, 9-28
stored procedure execution, 7-45
triggers, 9-26
Pro*C/C++, overview of application development, 1-20
Pro*COBOL, overview of application development, 1-23
procedure
external, definition, 8-3
procedures
called by triggers, 9-22
external, 8-3
program units in PL/SQL, 7-2
property
CHARSETFORM, 8-28
CHARSETID, 8-28
INDICATOR, 8-27
pseudocolumns, modifying views, 9-9
PSP, , S
.psp files, 13-21
publish-subscribe, 11-2 to 11-6
purity of stored function, definition, 7-55

Q

queries
dynamic, 6-4
errors in distributed queries, 7-38

R

RAISE statement, 7-36
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR procedure, 7-35
remote procedures, 7-38
raising exceptions, triggers, 9-20
RAW datatype, 2-7, 2-35
RAWTOHEX function, 2-41
RAWTONHEX function, 2-41
read-only transactions, 5-7
recovery, data, using flashback features, 15-3
REF column, indexes on, 4-9
REFERENCING option, 9-19
referential integrity
distributed databases and, 3-15
one-to-many relationship, 3-10
one-to-one relationship, 3-11
privileges required to create foreign keys, 3-27
self-referential constraints, 9-41
triggers and, 9-38 to 9-42
remote dependencies, 7-21
signatures, 7-23
specifying timestamps or signatures, 7-28
remote exception handling, 7-38, 9-20
remote queries, flashback features, 15-16
REMOTE_DEPENDENCIES_MODE parameter, 7-28
repeatable reads, 5-7, 5-10
resource manager, 16-2
events, 10-7
RESTRICT_REFERENCES pragma, 7-59
syntax for, 7-60
restrictions, system triggers, 9-25
resumable storage allocation, 5-38
definition, 5-38
examples, 5-39
RETENTION GUARANTEE clause for undo tablespace, 15-4
reusable packages, 7-63
RM (resource manager), 16-2
RNDS argument, 7-60
RNPS argument, 7-60
ROLLBACK statement, 5-5
rolling back transactions, to savepoints, 5-6
rounding modes for native floating-point numbers, 2-15
routine
autonomous scope, definition, 5-29
routine (continued)
external, definition, 8-3
routines
external, 8-3
service, 8-38
row locking, manual, 5-16
row triggers
defining, 9-13
REFERENCING option, 9-19
timing, 9-6
UPDATE statements and, 9-6, 9-20
ROWID, definition, 2-37
ROWID datatype, 2-8, 2-36
extended ROWID format, 2-36
migration, 2-38
ROWIDTOCHAR function, 2-41
ROWIDTONCHAR function, 2-41
rows
shown in ROWIDs, 2-37
violating integrity constraints, 3-20
rowtype attribute, PL/SQL, 1-5
ROWTYPE_MISMATCH exception, 7-33
RR date format, 2-26
RS locks, LOCK TABLE statement, 5-12
run-time error handling, 7-35
RX locks, LOCK TABLE statement, 5-12

S

S locks, LOCK TABLE statement, 5-12
SAVEPOINT statement, 5-6
savepoints
maximum number of, 5-6
rolling back to, 5-6
scalability, serially reusable packages, 7-63
scope
autonomous, definition, 5-29
scripting, 13-19
scrollable cursors, 1-23
search data, representing, 2-34
secure application roles, i-xlv
SELECT statement
AS OF clause, 15-5
FOR UPDATE clause, 5-16
read consistency, 5-10
SELECT statement (continued)
VERSIONS BETWEEN...AND clause, 15-10
SERIALIZABLE option, for ISOLATION LEVEL, 5-23
serializable transactions, 5-19
serially reusable PL/SQL packages, 7-63
SERIALLY_REUSABLE pragma, 7-64
service routine, 8-38
sessions, package state and, 7-16
SET TRANSACTION statement, 5-8
ISOLATION LEVEL clause, 5-23
SERIALIZABLE, 5-23
share locks (S), LOCK TABLE statement, 5-12
share row exclusive locks (SRX), LOCK TABLE statement, 5-14
side effects, subprogram, 7-6, 7-55
signatures
PL/SQL library unit dependencies, 7-21
to manage remote dependencies, 7-23
SORT_AREA_SIZE parameter, index creation and, 4-3
sorting, with function-based indexes, 4-8
specification part of package, definition, 7-13
SQL statements
execution, 5-2
in trigger bodies, 9-17, 9-22
not allowed in triggers, 9-22
SQL*Loader, indexes and, 4-3
SQL*Module, applications, 7-4
SQL*Plus
anonymous blocks, 7-4
compile-time errors, 7-33
invoking stored procedures, 7-43
loading a procedure, 7-10
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON command, 7-3
SHOW ERRORS command, 7-34
SQL/DS datatypes, 2-39
SRX locks, LOCK Table statement, 5-14
standards, IEEE 754, 2-11
state
package, definition, 7-63
session, package objects, 7-16
Web application, definition, 13-14
stateful and stateless user interfaces, definitions, 1-3
statement triggers
conditional code for statements, 9-19
row evaluation order, 9-7
specifying SQL statement, 9-5
timing, 9-6
trigger evaluation order, 9-7
UPDATE statements and, 9-6, 9-20
valid SQL statements, 9-22
storage allocation errors, resuming execution after, 5-38
stored functions, 7-4
creating, 7-9
restrictions, 7-51
stored procedure, definition, 7-5
stored procedures, 7-4
argument values, 7-46
creating, 7-9
distributed query creation, 7-38
exceptions, 7-35, 7-37
invoking, 7-43
names of, 7-5
overloading names of, 7-12
parameter, default values, 7-9
privileges, 7-45
remote, 7-47
remote objects and, 7-48
storing, 7-9
synonyms, 7-49
turning into a Web page, 13-19
subnormal floating-point numbers, 2-13
synonyms, stored procedures and packages, 7-49
SYS_XMLAGG function, 2-47
SYS_XMLGEN function, 2-47
SYSDATE function, 2-21
system events, 10-1
attributes, 10-2
client, 10-8
resource manager, 10-7
tracking, 9-49, 10-1

T

table, mutating, definition, 9-22
tables
constraining, 9-22
tables (continued)
in PL/SQL, 7-8
mutating, 9-22
TCP/IP, 13-16
temporary and permanent LOB instances, 2-34
temporary segments, index creation and, 4-3
text search, using Oracle9i Text, 2-34
third-generation computing language, definition, 1-4
time and date data, representing, 2-20
time zones, functions, 2-23
TIMESTAMP datatype, 2-6, 2-20
TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE datatype, 2-7, 2-20
TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE datatype, 2-7, 2-20
timestamps, PL/SQL library unit dependencies, 7-21
TM (transaction manager), 16-2
TO_CHAR function, 2-41
CC date format, 2-27
RR date format, 2-26
TO_CLOB function, 2-41
TO_DATE function, 2-21, 2-41
RR date format, 2-26
TO_NCHAR function, 2-41
TO_NCLOB function, 2-41
TO_NUMBER function, 2-41
tracking system events, 9-49, 10-1
transaction manager, 16-2
transaction set consistency, definition, 5-25
transaction, main, definition, 5-29
transactions
autonomous, 5-28 to 5-36
read-only, 5-8
serializable, 5-19
SET TRANSACTION statement, 5-8
trigger
disabled, definition, 9-28
enabled, definition, 9-28
triggering statement, definition, 9-5
triggers
about, 7-20
accessing column values, 9-17
AFTER, 9-6, 9-17, 9-33, 9-35
triggers (continued)
auditing with, 9-32, 9-33
BEFORE, 9-6, 9-17, 9-45, 9-46
body, 9-15, 9-19, 9-20, 9-22
check constraints, 9-43, 9-45
client events, 10-8
column list in UPDATE, 9-6, 9-20
compiled, 9-26
conditional predicates, 9-15, 9-19
creating, 9-2, 9-21, 9-26
data access restrictions, 9-45
debugging, 9-28
designing, 9-2
disabling, 9-28, 9-29
distributed query creation, 7-38
enabling, 9-28
error conditions and exceptions, 9-20
events, 9-5
examples, 9-31 to 9-47
firing, 9-1
FOR EACH ROW clause, 9-13
generating derived column values, 9-46
illegal SQL statements, 9-22
INSTEAD OF triggers, 9-8
integrity constraints vs., 9-2, 9-37
listing information about, 9-29
modifying, 9-28
multiple same type, 9-7
mutating tables and, 9-22
naming, 9-4
package variables and, 9-7
privileges, 9-26
to drop, 9-28
procedures and, 9-22
recompiling, 9-27
REFERENCING option, 9-19
referential integrity and, 9-38 to 9-42
remote dependencies and, 9-22
remote exceptions, 9-20
resource manager events, 10-7
restrictions, 9-14, 9-21
row, 9-13
row evaluation order, 9-7
scan order, 9-7
stored, 9-26
triggers (continued)
system triggers, 9-4
on DATABASE, 9-4
on SCHEMA, 9-4
trigger evaluation order, 9-7
use of LONG and LONG RAW datatypes, 9-22
username reported in, 9-25
WHEN clause, 9-14
TRUNC function, 2-21
TRUST keyword, 7-61
type attribute, PL/SQL, 1-5

U

undo data, 15-2
UNDO_MANAGEMENT configuration parameter, 15-4
UNDO_RETENTION configuration parameter, 15-4
UNDO_TABLESPACE configuration parameter, 15-4
unhandled exceptions, 7-38
UNIQUE key constraints
combining with NOT NULL constraint, 3-5
composite keys and nulls, 3-7
disabling, 3-21
enabling, 3-20
PRIMARY KEY constraint vs., 3-6
when to use, 3-6
updatable view, definition, 9-8
UPDATE statement
column values and triggers, 9-17
data consistency, 5-10
triggers and, 9-6, 9-20
triggers for referential integrity, 9-40, 9-41
update, distributed, definition, 7-49
UPPER function, 4-9
URLs, 13-16
UROWID datatype, 2-8
USER function, 3-5
user locks, requesting, 5-17
USER_ERRORS view, debugging stored procedures, 7-35
USER_SOURCE view, 7-35
user-defined errors, 7-35, 7-37
usernames, as reported in a trigger, 9-25
UTL_HTTP package, 13-16
UTL_INADDR package, 13-16
UTL_SMTP package, 13-15
UTL_TCP package, 13-16
UTLLOCKT.SQL script, 5-19

V

VARCHAR datatype, , S
VARCHAR2 datatype, 2-4, 2-8
column length, 2-9
VBScript, translating to PSP, 13-20
VERSIONS_ENDSCN pseudocolumn, 15-11
VERSIONS_ENDTIME pseudocolumn, 15-11
VERSIONS_OPERATION pseudocolumn, 15-11
VERSIONS_STARTSCN pseudocolumn, 15-11
VERSIONS_STARTTIME pseudocolumn, 15-11
VERSIONS_XID pseudocolumn, 15-11
views
containing expressions, 9-9
FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION_QUERY, 15-12
inherently modifiable, 9-9
modifiable, 9-9
pseudocolumns, 9-9

W

Web pages, dynamic, 13-19
WHEN clause, 9-14
cannot contain PL/SQL expressions, 9-14
correlation names, 9-17
examples, 9-2, 9-13, 9-38
EXCEPTION examples, 9-20, 9-38, 9-43, 9-45
WITH CONTEXT clause, 8-33
WNDS argument, 7-60
WNPS argument, 7-60
wrapper to hide PL/SQL code, 7-20

X

X locks, LOCK TABLE statement, 5-15
XA library, 16-1 to 16-36
xa_open string, 16-9
XML
as document type for PSP file, 13-22
searching with Oracle9i Text, 2-34
XML data, representing, 2-47
X/Open distributed transaction processing architecture, 16-2

Y

year 2000, 2-25

Z

zero values, 2-14
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