Oracle7 Server Manager User's Guide

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Managing Instances and Sessions

This chapter describes how to use Server Manager to manage instances and sessions. This chapter assumes that you have read Chapter 2, "Overview of the Administration Manager," and are familiar with the interface elements of the Administration Manager.

In the Instance drawer, you can start up and shut down a database, view the values of initialization parameters, resolve in-doubt transactions, and manage users' sessions. This chapter describes the commands available in the Instance drawer's folders:

Database

Initialization

Transactions

Sessions

The Database Folder

When you click the Database folder tab, the Database folder opens and the Database object list and menu appear. The Database object list contains information about the memory assigned to the System Global Area (SGA).

The SGA is a shared memory region that contains data and control information for an Oracle instance. For more information about the System Global Area, see the Oracle7 Server Concepts.

The following figure illustrates the Database object list.

Figure 5 - 1. Database Object List

Database Object List

The columns of the Database object list are described below:

SGA Component

The four components of the SGA.

Size (K)

Size of each SGA component in kilobytes.

Attention: If the database is not running, the Database object list contains the message "ORACLE not available."

Starting Up a Database

Before starting up a release 7.1 or later database, you must connect as SYSDBA or SYSOPER. For information about connecting as SYSDBA or SYSOPER, see the Oracle7 Server Documentation Addendum. For release 7.0, you must be connected as INTERNAL before starting up the database. For information about starting up a database, see the Oracle7 Server Administrator's Guide.

To start up an instance and optionally mount and open a database, choose Startup from the Database menu. The Startup Database dialog box appears.

The following figure illustrates the Startup Database dialog box.

Figure 5 - 2. Startup Database Dialog Box

Startup Database Dialog Box

The Startup Database dialog box is described below:

Startup Mode: Open

Starts up the instance, and mounts and opens the database.

Startup Mode: Mount

Starts up the instance and mounts the database. The database is accessible only to database administrators.

Startup Mode: Nomount

Starts up the instance, but does not mount the database. Use this mode when you are planning to create a database.

Parameter File

Name of the parameter file used to start the instance. The parameter file must reside on the machine on which you are running Server Manager.

If you do not specify a parameter file, Server Manager looks for the parameter file in the default location for your platform. For information about the default location for the parameter file, see your operating system-specific Oracle documentation.

Find File

Displays the standard file selection dialog box for your platform and allows you to locate the parameter file. For information about the standard file selection dialog box for your system, see your operating system-specific documentation.

Startup Options: Force

Performs a shutdown in abort mode before trying to start the database.

Startup Options: Restrict

Indicates that the database should be opened in restricted mode. In restricted mode, the database is accessible only to users with the RESTRICTED SESSION system privilege.

Shutting Down a Database

Before shutting down a release 7.1 or later database, you must connect as SYSDBA or SYSOPER. For information about connecting as SYSDBA or SYSOPER, see the Oracle7 Server Documentation Addendum. For release 7.0, you must be connected as INTERNAL before shutting down the database. For information about shutting down a database, see the Oracle7 Server Administrator's Guide.

To shut down a database, choose Shutdown from the Database menu. The Shutdown Database dialog box appears.

The following figure illustrates the Shutdown Database dialog box.

Figure 5 - 3. Shutdown Database Dialog Box

Shutdown Database Dialog Box

The Shutdown Database dialog box is described below:

Shutdown Mode: Normal

Shuts down the database in normal mode:

No new connections are allowed.

Before shutting down the database, Oracle waits for all currently connected users to disconnect.

The next startup of the database does not require instance recovery.

Attention: The Administration Manager, SQL Worksheet, and System Monitors create separate connections when you start them. When performing a shutdown in normal mode, remember to close these windows, or the shutdown will not complete.

Shutdown Mode: Immediate

Shuts down the database in immediate mode:

Processing of SQL statements is terminated immediately.

Oracle rolls back any active transactions and disconnects all connected users.

Shutdown Mode: Abort

Shuts down the database in abort mode:

Aborts the instance.

Processing of SQL statements is terminated immediately.

Oracle disconnects all connected users.

Uncommitted transactions are not rolled back.

The next startup of the database requires instance recovery, which Oracle performs automatically.

Mounting or Opening a Database

If you have previously started an instance without mounting the database, you can mount the database by choosing Mount from the Database menu. The Mount menu command mounts the database in exclusive mode. When the database is mounted in exclusive mode, it can only be mounted by one instance at a time.

If you have previously mounted a database, you can open the database by choosing Open from the Database menu. The database is opened and is accessible to all users.

The Initialization Folder

When you click the Initialization folder tab, the Initialization folder opens and the Initialization object list appears. The Initialization object list contains information about the parameters defined in the initialization parameter file used to start up your instance. The Initialization folder contains only the Initialization object list. There are no commands available in the Initialization folder.

The following figure illustrates the Initialization object list.

Figure 5 - 4. Initialization Object List

Initialization Object List

The columns of the Initialization object list are described below:

Parameter Name

Name of the initialization parameter.

Default

Whether the parameter's value is the default value.

Type

Datatype of the parameter.

Value

Value of the parameter.

The Transactions Folder

When you click the Transactions folder tab, the Transactions folder opens and the Transaction object list and menu appear. The Transaction object list contains information about distributed transactions that failed in the PREPARED state. For information about distributed transactions, see the Oracle7 Server Concepts.

The following figure illustrates the Transaction object list.

Figure 5 - 5. Transaction Object List

Transaction Object List

The columns of the Transaction object list are described below:

Local ID

Identifier on the local database for the transaction.

Global ID

Global identifier for the transaction.

State

The state of the transaction: collecting, prepared, committed, heuristic commit, or heuristic abort.

Advice

Suggested action: C (Commit), R (Rollback), or null (no advice).

Commit Comment

Comment given with the COMMENT clause of the COMMIT WORK command.

Forcing a Commit or Rollback

To commit an in-doubt transaction, select the transaction to be committed from the Transaction object list and choose Force Commit from the Transaction menu.

To roll back an in-doubt transaction, select the transaction to be rolled back from the Transaction object list and choose Force Rollback from the Transaction menu.

Attention: You cannot roll back an in-doubt transaction to a savepoint.

The Sessions Folder

When you click the Sessions folder tab, the Sessions folder opens and the Session object list and menu appear. The Session object list contains information about the users connected to the database.

The following figure illustrates the Session object list.

Figure 5 - 6. Session Object List

Session Object List

The columns of the Session object list are described below:

SID

Session identifier.

Serial #

Session serial number, used to uniquely identify a session. In combination with the SID, guarantees that session-level commands are applied to the correct session in the event that the session ends and another session begins with the same session identifier.

Username

Oracle username associated with the session.

Schema Name

Schema name associated with the user.

OS User

Operating system username.

Terminal

Operating system terminal name.

Machine

Operating system machine through which the user is connected.

Disconnecting a User's Session

To disconnect a user's session, select the session to disconnect from the Session object list and choose Disconnect from the Session menu. The Disconnect Session alert box appears.

The following figure illustrates the Disconnect Session alert box.

Figure 5 - 7. Disconnect Session Alert Box

Restricting or Allowing Sessions

To make the database accessible only to users with the RESTRICTED SESSION system privilege, choose Restrict from the Session menu. Only users with the RESTRICTED SESSION system privilege are allowed to connect. Users already connected are not affected.

To make the database accessible to all users, choose Allow All from the Database menu. All users with the CREATE SESSION system privilege are allowed to connect.

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