**Starting SQL*Plus and Getting Help**

Starting SQL*Plus Using the SQLPLUS Command
Getting Help

**Starting SQL*Plus Using the SQLPLUS Command**

You can start SQL*Plus from the operating system prompt by entering the SQLPLUS command in the following form:

SQLPLUS [[-S[ILENT]] [logon] [start]]|-|-?

where:

logon Requires the following syntax:

username[/password] [@database_specification]|/|/NOLOG

start Allows you to enter the name of a command file and arguments. SQL*Plus passes the arguments to the command file as though you executed the file using the SQL*Plus START command. The start clause requires the following syntax:

@file_name[.ext][arg ...]

See the START command for more information.

You have the option of entering logon. If you do not specify logon and do specify start, SQL*Plus assumes that the first line of the command file contains a valid logon. If neither start nor logon are specified, SQL*Plus prompts for logon information.

Refer to the following list for a description of each term or clause:

-S[ILENT] Suppresses all SQL*Plus information and prompt messages, including the command prompt, the echoing of commands, and the banner normally displayed when you start SQL*Plus. Use SILENT to invoke SQL*Plus within another program so that the use of SQL*Plus is invisible to the user.

username[/password] Represent the username and password with which you wish to start SQL*Plus and connect to Oracle. If you omit username and password, SQL*Plus prompts you for them. If you enter a slash (/) or simply enter [Return] to the prompt for username, SQL*Plus logs you in using a default logon (see "/" below).

If you omit only password, SQL*Plus prompts you for password. When prompting, SQL*Plus does not display password on your terminal screen.

database_specification Consists of a SQL*Net connection string. The exact syntax depends upon the SQL*Net communications protocol your Oracle installation uses. For more information, refer to the SQL*Net manual appropriate for your protocol or contact your DBA.

/ Represents a default logon using operating system authentication. You cannot enter a database_specification if you use a default logon. In a default logon, SQL*Plus typically attempts to log you in using the username OPS$name, where name is your operating system username. See the Oracle8 Server Administrator's Guide for information about operating system authentication.

/NOLOG Establishes no initial connection to Oracle. Before issuing any SQL commands, you must issue a CONNECT command to establish a valid logon. Use /NOLOG when you want to have a SQL*Plus command file prompt for the username, password, or database specification. The first line of this command file is not assumed to contain a logon.

- Displays the usage and syntax for the SQLPLUS command, and then returns control to the operating system.

-? Displays the current version and level number for SQL*Plus, and then returns control to the operating system. Do not enter a space between the hyphen (-) and the question mark (?).

The SQL*Plus command may be known by a different name under some operating systems, for example, plus80. See your SQL*Plus installation documentation for further information on your operating system.

Setting Up the Site Profile

SQL*Plus supports a Site Profile, a SQL*Plus command file created by the database administrator. This file is generally named GLOGIN with an extension of SQL. SQL*Plus executes this command file whenever any user starts SQL*Plus and SQL*Plus establishes the Oracle connection. The Site Profile allows the DBA to set up SQL*Plus environment defaults for all users at a particular site; users cannot directly access the Site Profile. The default name and location of the Site Profile depend on your system. Site Profiles are described in more detail in the Oracle installation and user's manual(s) provided for your operating system.

Setting Up the User Profile

SQL*Plus also supports a User Profile, executed after the Site Profile. SQL*Plus searches for a file named LOGIN with the extension SQL in your current directory. If SQL*Plus does not find the file there, SQL*Plus will search a system-dependent path to find the file. Some operating systems may not support this path search.

Receiving a Return Code

If you fail to log in successfully to SQL*Plus because your username or password is invalid or some other error, SQL*Plus will return an error status equivalent to an EXIT FAILURE command. See the EXIT command in this chapter for further information.

Example 6-1 Starting SQL*Plus

To start SQL*Plus with username SCOTT and password TIGER, enter

SQLPLUS SCOTT/TIGER

To start SQL*Plus, as above, and to make POLICY the default database (where POLICY is a valid SQL*Net database connection string), enter

SQLPLUS SCOTT/TIGER@POLICY

To start SQL*Plus with username SCOTT and password TIGER and run a command file named STARTUP with the extension SQL, enter

SQLPLUS SCOTT/TIGER @STARTUP

Note the space between TIGER and @STARTUP.

Example 6-2 Displaying the SQLPLUS syntax

To display the syntax of the SQLPLUS command, enter

SQLPLUS -

SQL*Plus displays the following

Usage: SQLPLUS [<option>] [<user>[/password>] [@<host>]]
               [@<startfile> [<parm1>] [<parm2>] ...]
where <option> ::= {-s|-?}
-s for silent mode and -? to obtain version number

Getting Help

To access online help for SQL*Plus commands, you can type HELP followed by the command name at the SQL command prompt . For example:

SQL> HELP ACCEPT

If you get a response that help is unavailable, consult your database administrator. See the HELP command

for more information.

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`logon`	Requires the following syntax:
	username`[/password] [@database_specification]\|/\|/NOLOG`
`start`	Allows you to enter the name of a command file and arguments. SQLPlus passes the arguments to the command file as though you executed the file using the SQLPlus START command. The start clause requires the following syntax:
	@`file_name`[.ext][arg ...]
	See the START command for more information.

`-S[ILENT]`	Suppresses all SQLPlus information and prompt messages, including the command prompt, the echoing of commands, and the banner normally displayed when you start SQLPlus. Use SILENT to invoke SQLPlus within another program so that the use of SQLPlus is invisible to the user.
`username`[/password]	Represent the username and password with which you wish to start SQLPlus and connect to Oracle. If you omit username* and password, SQLPlus prompts you for them. If you enter a slash (/) or simply enter [Return] to the prompt for username, SQLPlus logs you in using a default logon (see "/" below).
	If you omit only password, SQLPlus prompts you for password. When prompting, SQLPlus does not display password on your terminal screen.
`database_specification`	Consists of a SQLNet connection string. The exact syntax depends upon the SQLNet communications protocol your Oracle installation uses. For more information, refer to the SQL*Net manual appropriate for your protocol or contact your DBA.
`/`	Represents a default logon using operating system authentication. You cannot enter a database_specification if you use a default logon. In a default logon, SQLPlus typically attempts to log you in using the username OPS$name, where name* is your operating system username. See the Oracle8 Server Administrator's Guide for information about operating system authentication.
`/NOLOG`	Establishes no initial connection to Oracle. Before issuing any SQL commands, you must issue a CONNECT command to establish a valid logon. Use /NOLOG when you want to have a SQL*Plus command file prompt for the username, password, or database specification. The first line of this command file is not assumed to contain a logon.
`-`	Displays the usage and syntax for the SQLPLUS command, and then returns control to the operating system.
`-?`	Displays the current version and level number for SQL*Plus, and then returns control to the operating system. Do not enter a space between the hyphen (-) and the question mark (?).