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The QPixmap class is an off-screen pixel-based paint device. More...
#include <qpixmap.h>
Inherits QPaintDevice and Qt.
Inherited by QBitmap and QCanvasPixmap.
It is one of the two classes Qt provides for dealing with images, the other being QImage. QPixmap is designed and optimized for drawing; QImage is designed and optimized for I/O and for direct pixel access/manipulation. There are (slow) functions to convert between QImage and QPixmap; convertToImage() and convertFromImage().
One common use of the QPixmap class is to enable smooth updating of widgets. Whenever something complex needs to be drawn, you can use a pixmap to obtain flicker-free drawing, like this:
Pixel data in a pixmap is internal and managed by the underlying window system. Pixels can only be accessed through QPainter functions, through bitBlt(), and by converting the QPixmap to a QImage.
You can display a QPixmap on the screen easily using e.g. QLabel::setPixmap(), and all the QButton subclasses support pixmap use.
The QPixmap class uses lazy copying, so it is practical to pass pass QPixmap objects as arguments.
Note about Windows 95 and 98: On Windows 9x, the system crashes if you create more than approximately 1000 pixmaps, independent of the size of the pixmaps or installed RAM. Windows NT does not have this limitation.
Qt tries to work around the resource limitation. If you set the
pixmap optimization to QPixmap::MemoryOptim and the width of your
pixmap is less than or equal to 128 pixels, Qt stores the pixmap in
a way which is very memory-efficient when there are many pixmaps.
If your application uses dozens or hundreds of pixmaps, e.g. on tool bar buttons, in popup menus, and you plan to run it on Windows 95 or Windows 98, then we recommend using code like this:
QPixmap::setDefaultOptimization( QPixmap::MemoryOptim );
while ( ... ) {
// load tool bar pixmaps etc.
QPixmap *pixmap = new QPixmap(fileName);
}
QPixmap::setDefaultOptimization( QPixmap::NormalOptim );
See also QBitmap, QImage, QImageIO and Shared Classes
Examples: qtimage/qtimage.cpp grapher/grapher.cpp xform/xform.cpp menu/menu.cpp qmag/qmag.cpp desktop/desktop.cpp scrollview/scrollview.cpp movies/main.cpp picture/picture.cpp
Auto - select Color or Mono on a case-by-case basis.
Color - always create colored pixmaps.
Mono - always create bitmaps.
DefaultOptim - whatever QPixmap::defaultOptimization()
returns. A pixmap with this optimization mode set always has the
default optimization type, even if the default is changed with
setDefaultOptimization().
NoOptim - no optimization (currently the same as MemoryOptim).
MemoryOptim - optimize for minimal memory use.
NormalOptim - optimize for typical usage. Often uses more
memory than MemoryOptim, and often faster.
BestOptim - optimize for pixmaps that are drawn very often
and where performance is critical. Generally uses more memory than
NormalOptim and may provide a little better speed.
We recommend sticking with DefaultOptim
Constructs a null pixmap.
See also isNull().
Constructs a pixmaps by loading from img_data. The data can be in any image format supported by Qt.
See also loadFromData().
Constructs a pixmap from the file fileName. If the file does not exist, or is of an unknown format, the pixmap becomes a null pixmap.
The parameters are passed on to load().
See also isNull(), load(), loadFromData(), save() and imageFormat().
Constructs a pixmap from the file fileName. If the file does not exist, or is of an unknown format, the pixmap becomes a null pixmap.
The parameters are passed on to load().
See also isNull(), load(), loadFromData(), save() and imageFormat().
Constructs a pixmap which is a copy of pixmap.
Constructs a pixmap from xpm, which must be a valid XPM image.
Error are silently ignored.
Note that it's possible to squeeze the XPM variable a little bit by using an unusual declaration:
static const char * const start_xpm[]={
"16 15 8 1",
"a c #cec6bd",
....
The extra const makes the entire definition read-only, which is
slightly more efficient e.g. when the code is in a shared library,
and ROMable when the application is to be stored in ROM.
In order to use that sort of declaration, you must cast the variable
back to const char **
[protected]Constructs a monochrome pixmap which is initialized with the data in bits. This constructor is protected and used by the QBitmap class.
Constructs a pixmap with w width, h height and of depth bits per pixels.
The contents of the pixmap is uninitialized.
The depth can be either 1 (monochrome) or the depth of the current video mode. If depth is negative, then the hardware depth of the current video mode will be used.
If either width or height is zero, a null pixmap is constructed.
See also isNull().
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.
Destructs the pixmap.
Converts an image and sets this pixmap. Returns TRUE if successful.
The conversion_flags argument is a bitwise-OR from the following choices. The options marked (default) are the choice if no other choice from the list is included (they are zero):
AutoColor (default) - If the image has depth 1 and contains only
black and white pixels, then the pixmap becomes monochrome.
ColorOnly - The pixmap is dithered/converted to the
native display depth.
MonoOnly - The pixmap becomes monochrome. If necessary,
it is dithered using the chosen dithering algorithm.
DiffuseDither (default) - a high quality dither
OrderedDither - a faster more ordered dither
ThresholdDither - no dithering, closest color is used
DiffuseAlphaDither - a high quality dither
OrderedAlphaDither - a faster more ordered dither
ThresholdAlphaDither (default) - no dithering
PreferDither - always dither 32-bit images when
the image
is being converted to 8-bits.
This is the default when converting to a pixmap.
AvoidDither - only dither 32-bit images if
the image
has more than 256 colors and it
is being converted to 8-bits.
This is the default when an image is converted
for the purpose of saving to a file.
Passing 0 for conversion_flags gives all the default options.
Note that even though a QPixmap with depth 1 behaves much like a QBitmap, isQBitmap() returns FALSE.
If a pixmap with depth 1 is painted with color0 and color1 and converted to an image, the pixels painted with color0 will produce pixel index 0 in the image and those painted with color1 will produce pixel index 1.
See also convertToImage(), isQBitmap(), QImage::convertDepth(), defaultDepth() and QImage::hasAlphaBuffer().
Bugs and limitations:
Examples: qtimage/qtimage.cpp
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.
Converts the pixmap to an image. Returns a null image if the operation failed.
If the pixmap has 1 bit depth, the returned image will also be 1 bits deep. If the pixmap has 2-8 bit depth, the returned image has 8 bit depth. If the pixmap has greater than 8 bit depth, the returned image has 32 bit depth.
See also convertFromImage().
Bugs and limitations:
Examples: qmag/qmag.cpp
Creates and returns a heuristic mask for this pixmap. It works by selecting a color from one of the corners, then chipping away pixels of that color, starting at all the edges.
The mask may not be perfect but should be reasonable, so you can do things like:
pm->setMask( pm->createHeuristicMask() );
This function is slow because it involves transformation to a QImage, non-trivial computations and a transformation back to QBitmap.
See also QImage::createHeuristicMask().
[static]Returns the default pixmap depth, i.e. the depth a pixmap gets if -1 is specified.
See also depth().
[static]Returns the default pixmap optimization setting.
See also setDefaultOptimization(), setOptimization() and optimization().
Returns the depth of the image.
The pixmap depth is also called bits per pixel (bpp) or bit planes of a pixmap. A null pixmap has depth 0.
See also defaultDepth(), isNull() and QImage::convertDepth().
[virtual]Special-purpose function that detaches the pixmap from shared pixmap data.
A pixmap is automatically detached by Qt whenever its contents is about to change. This is done in all QPixmap member functions that modify the pixmap (fill(), resize(), convertFromImage(), load() etc.), in bitBlt() for the destination pixmap and in QPainter::begin() on a pixmap.
It is possible to modify a pixmap without letting Qt know. You can first obtain the system-dependent handle and then call system-specific functions (for instance BitBlt under Windows) that modifies the pixmap contents. In this case, you can call detach() to cut the pixmap loose from other pixmaps that share data with this one.
detach() returns immediately if there is just a single reference or if the pixmap has not been initialized yet.
Fills the pixmap with the color fillColor.
Fills the pixmap with the widget's background color or pixmap. If the background is empty, nothing is done.
The ofs point is an offset in the widget.
The point ofs is a point in the widget's coordinate system. The pixmap's top left pixel will be mapped to the point ofs in the widget. This is significant if the widget has a background pixmap, otherwise the pixmap will simply be filled with the background color of the widget.
Example:
void CuteWidget::paintEvent( QPaintEvent *e )
{
QRect ur = e->rect(); // rectangle to update
QPixmap pix( ur.size() ); // Pixmap for double-buffering
pix.fill( this, ur.topLeft() ); // fill with widget background
QPainter p( &pix );
p.translate( -ur.x(), -ur.y() ); // use widget coordinate system
// when drawing on pixmap
// ... draw on pixmap ...
p.end();
bitBlt( this, ur.topLeft(), &pix );
}
Examples: grapher/grapher.cpp xform/xform.cpp desktop/desktop.cpp
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.
[static]Creates a pixmap and paints widget in it.
If widget has children, they are painted too, appropriately located.
If you specify x, y, w or h, only the rectangle you specify is painted. The defaults are 0, 0 (top-left corner) and -1,-1 (which means the entire widget).
(If w is negative, the function copies everything to the right border of the window. If h is negative, the function copies everything to the bottom of the window.)
If widget is 0, or if the rectangle defined by x, y, the modified w and the modified h does not overlap the widget->rect(), this function returns a null QPixmap.
This function actually asks widget to paint itself (and its children to paint themselves). QPixmap::grabWindow() grabs pixels off the screen, which is a bit faster and picks up exactly what's on-screen. This function works by calling paintEvent() with painter redirection turned on, which gets the result of paintEvent(), without e.g. overlying windows.
If there is overlap, it returns a pixmap of the size you want, containing a rendering of widget. If the rectangle you ask for is a superset of widget, the area outside widget are covered with the widget's background.
See also grabWindow(), QPainter::redirect() and QWidget::paintEvent().
[static]Grabs the contents of a window and makes a pixmap out of it. Returns the pixmap.
The arguments (x,y) specify the offset in the window, while (w,h) specify the width and height of the area to be copied.
If w is negative, the function copies everything to the right border of the window. If h is negative, the function copies everything to the bottom of the window.
Note that grabWindows() grabs pixels from the screen, not from the window. This means that If there is another window partially or entirely over the one you grab, you get pixels from the overlying window too.
Note also that the mouse cursor is generally not grabbed.
The reason we use a window identifier and not a QWidget is to enable grabbing of windows that are not part of the application, window system frames, and so on.
Warning: Grabbing an area outside the screen is not safe in general. This depends on the underlying window system.
See also grabWidget().
Returns the height of the pixmap.
See also width(), size() and rect().
Examples: qtimage/qtimage.cpp xform/xform.cpp desktop/desktop.cpp scrollview/scrollview.cpp movies/main.cpp
[static]Returns a string that specifies the image format of the file fileName, or null if the file cannot be read or if the format cannot be recognized.
The QImageIO documentation lists the supported image formats.
Returns TRUE if it is a null pixmap.
A null pixmap has zero width, zero height and no contents. You cannot draw in a null pixmap or bitBlt() anything to it.
Resizing an existing pixmap to (0,0) makes a pixmap into a null pixmap.
See also resize().
Examples: qmag/qmag.cpp scrollview/scrollview.cpp
Returns TRUE if this is a QBitmap, otherwise FALSE.
Loads a pixmap from the file fileName. Returns TRUE if successful, or FALSE if the pixmap could not be loaded.
If format is specified, the loader attempts to read the pixmap using the specified format. If format is not specified (default), the loader reads a few bytes from the header to guess the file format.
See the convertFromImage() documentation for a description of the conversion_flags argument.
The QImageIO documentation lists the supported image formats and explains how to add extra formats.
See also loadFromData(), save(), imageFormat(), QImage::load() and QImageIO.
Examples: xform/xform.cpp scrollview/scrollview.cpp picture/picture.cpp
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.
Loads a pixmap from the binary data in buf (len bytes). Returns TRUE if successful, or FALSE if the pixmap could not be loaded.
If format is specified, the loader attempts to read the pixmap using the specified format. If format is not specified (default), the loader reads a few bytes from the header to guess the file format.
See the convertFromImage() documentation for a description of the conversion_flags argument.
The QImageIO documentation lists the supported image formats and explains how to add extra formats.
See also load(), save(), imageFormat(), QImage::loadFromData() and QImageIO.
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.
Returns the mask bitmap, or null if no mask has been set.
See also setMask() and QBitmap.
[virtual protected]Internal implementation of the virtual QPaintDevice::metric() function.
Use the QPaintDeviceMetrics class instead.
Reimplemented from QPaintDevice.
Converts the image image to a pixmap that is assigned to this pixmap. Returns a reference to the pixmap.
See also convertFromImage().
Assigns the pixmap pixmap to this pixmap and returns a reference to this pixmap.
Returns the optimization setting for this pixmap.
The default optimization setting is QPixmap::NormalOptim. You may
change this settings in two ways:
See also setOptimization(), setDefaultOptimization() and defaultOptimization().
Returns the enclosing rectangle (0,0,width(),height()) of the pixmap.
See also width(), height() and size().
Examples: xform/xform.cpp
Resizes the pixmap to w width and h height. If either w or h is less than 1, the pixmap becomes a null pixmap.
If both w and h are greater than 0, a valid pixmap is created. New pixels will be uninitialized (random) if the pixmap is expanded.
Examples: grapher/grapher.cpp desktop/desktop.cpp
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.
Saves the pixmap to the file fileName, using the image file format format. Returns TRUE if successful, or FALSE if the pixmap could not be saved.
See also load(), loadFromData(), imageFormat(), QImage::save() and QImageIO.
Examples: qmag/qmag.cpp
Saves the pixmap to the file fileName, using the image file format format and a quality factor quality. quality must be in the range [0,100] or -1. Specify 0 to obtain small compressed files, 100 for large uncompressed files and -1 to use the default settings. Returns TRUE if successful, or FALSE if the pixmap could not be saved.
See also load(), loadFromData(), imageFormat(), QImage::save() and QImageIO.
Returns TRUE if the pixmap's mask is identical to the pixmap itself.
See also mask().
Returns a number that uniquely identifies the contents of this QPixmap object. This means that multiple QPixmaps objects can have the same serial number as long as they refer to the same contents. The serial number is for example very useful for caching.
See also QPixmapCache.
[static]Sets the default pixmap optimization.
All new pixmaps that are created will use this default optimization. You may also set optimization for individual pixmaps using the setOptimization() function.
The initial default optimization setting is QPixmap::Normal.
See also defaultOptimization(), setOptimization() and optimization().
Sets a mask bitmap.
The mask bitmap defines the clip mask for this pixmap. Every pixel in mask corresponds to a pixel in this pixmap. Pixel value 1 means opaque and pixel value 0 means transparent. The mask must have the same size as this pixmap.
Setting a null mask resets the mask,
See also mask(), createHeuristicMask() and QBitmap.
Sets pixmap drawing optimization for this pixmap.
The optimization setting affects pixmap operations, in particular drawing of transparent pixmaps (bitBlt() a pixmap with a mask set) and pixmap transformations (the xForm() function).
Pixmap optimization involves keeping intermediate results in a cache buffer and use the data in the cache to speed up bitBlt() and xForm(). The cost is more memory consumption, up to twice as much as an unoptimized pixmap.
Use the setDefaultOptimization() to change the default optimization for all new pixmaps.
See also optimization(), setDefaultOptimization() and defaultOptimization().
Examples: desktop/desktop.cpp
Returns the size of the pixmap.
See also width(), height() and rect().
Examples: qtimage/qtimage.cpp movies/main.cpp
[static]Returns the actual matrix used for transforming a pixmap with w width and h height.
When transforming a pixmap with xForm(), the transformation matrix is internally adjusted to compensate for unwanted translation, i.e. xForm() returns the smallest pixmap containing all transformed points of the original pixmap.
This function returns the modified matrix, which maps points correctly from the original pixmap into the new pixmap.
See also xForm() and QWMatrix.
Returns the width of the pixmap.
See also height(), size() and rect().
Examples: qtimage/qtimage.cpp xform/xform.cpp desktop/desktop.cpp scrollview/scrollview.cpp movies/main.cpp
Returns a copy of the pixmap that is transformed using matrix.
Qt uses this function to implement rotated text on window systems that do not support such complex features.
Example of how to manually draw a rotated text at (100,200) in a widget:
char *str = "Trolls R Qt"; // text to be drawn
QFont f( "Charter", 24 ); // use Charter 24pt font
QPixmap pm( 8, 8 );
QPainter p;
QRect r; // text bounding rectangle
QPoint bl; // text baseline position
p.begin( &pm ); // first get the bounding
p.setFont( f ); // text rectangle
r = p.fontMetrics().boundingRect(str);
bl = -r.topLeft(); // get baseline position
p.end();
pm.resize( r.size() ); // resize to fit the text
pm.fill( white ); // fills pm with white
p.begin( &pm ); // begin painting pm
p.setFont( f ); // set the font
p.setPen( blue ); // set blue text color
p.drawText( bl, str ); // draw the text
p.end(); // painting done
QWMatrix m; // transformation matrix
m.rotate( -33.4 ); // rotate coordinate system
QPixmap rp = pm.xForm( m ); // rp is rotated pixmap
QWMatrix t = QPixmap::trueMatrix( m, pm.width(), pm.height() );
int x, y;
t.map( bl.x(),bl.y(), &x,&y ); // get pm's baseline pos in rp
bitBlt( myWidget, 100-x, 200-y, // blt rp into a widget
&rp, 0, 0, -1, -1 );
This example outlines how Qt implements rotated text under X11. The font calculation is the most tedious part. The rotation itself is only 3 lines of code.
If you want to draw rotated text, you do not have to implement all the code above. The code below does exactly the same thing as the example above, except that it uses a QPainter.
char *str = "Trolls R Qt"; // text to be drawn
QFont f( "Charter", 24 ); // use Charter 24pt font
QPainter p;
p.begin( myWidget );
p.translate( 100, 200 ); // translates coord system
p.rotate( -33.4 ); // rotates it counterclockwise
p.setFont( f );
p.drawText( 0, 0, str );
p.end();
See also trueMatrix(), QWMatrix and QPainter::setWorldMatrix().
Bugs and limitations:
Examples: qtimage/qtimage.cpp xform/xform.cpp qmag/qmag.cpp desktop/desktop.cpp movies/main.cpp
Reads a pixmap from the stream.
See also QPixmap::load() and Format of the QDataStream operators
Writes a pixmap to the stream as a PNG image.
See also QPixmap::save() and Format of the QDataStream operators
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